Scientific papers

Here are some of the research papers which helped to inform FREE.

If you'd like to read more, click on the paper.

Things which influence outcome

Iles RA, Davidson M, Taylor NF, & O'Halloran, P. Systematic review of the ability of recovery expectations to predict outcomes in non-chronic non-specific low back pain. J Occup Rehabil 2009: 19(1), 25-40.

Linton SJ. A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine 2000;25(9):1148-56.

Ramond A, Bouton C, Richard I, Roquelaure Y, Baufreton C, Legrand E, et al. Psychosocial risk factors for chronic low back pain in primary care--a systematic review. Fam Pract 2011;28:12–21.

How pain is made

Tracey I. Getting the pain you expect: mechanisms of placebo, nocebo and reappraisal effects in humans. Nature Medicine 2010;16(11):1277-83.

Tracey I, Mantyh PW. The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation. Neuron 2007;55(3):377-91.

Stiffness

Stanton TR, Moseley GL, Wong AY, Kawchuk GN. Feeling stiffness in the back: a protective perceptual inference in chronic back pain. Scientific reports 2017; 7(1): 9681.

Diagnosis and treatment

Abenhaim L, Rossignol M, Gobeille D, Bonvalot Y, Fines P, & Scott S. The prognostic consequences in the making of the initial medical diagnosis of work-related back injuries. Spine 1995; 20(7), 791-795.

Hirsch MS, & Liebert RM. The physical and psychological experience of pain: the effects of labeling and cold pressor temperature on three pain measures in college women. Pain 1998; 77(1), 41-48.

 

Using the back

O'Sullivan K, O'Keeffe M, O'Sullivan L, O'Sullivan P, & Dankaerts W. The effect of dynamic sitting on the prevention and management of low back pain and low back discomfort: a systematic review. Ergonomics 2012; 55(8), 898-908. 

Roffey DM, Wai EK, Bishop P, Kwon BK, & Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational sitting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010; 10(3), 252-261. 

Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, & Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational bending or twisting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010; 10(1), 76-88.

Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, & Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational lifting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010; 10(6), 554-566. 

Being active

Choi BK, Verbeek JH, Tam WW, & Jiang JY. Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain. Occup Environ Med 2010; 67(11), 795-796.

Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, & Chiao C. Effects of recreational physical activity and back exercises on low back pain and psychological distress: findings from the UCLA Low Back Pain Study. Am J Public Health 2005; 95(10), 1817-1824.

Indahl A, Velund L, & Reikeraas O. Good prognosis for low back pain when left untampered. A randomized clinical trial Spine 1995; 20(4), 473-477.

Malmivaara A, Hakkinen U, Aro T, Heinrichs, ML, Koskenniemi, L, Kuosma, E, et al. The treatment of acute low back pain - bed rest, exercises, or ordinary activity? N Engl J Med 1995; 332(6), 351-355.

New Zealand Guidelines Group. (2004). New Zealand Acute Low Back Pain Guide.

Working

Coole C, Drummond A, Watson PJ, & Radford K. What concerns workers with low back pain? Findings of a qualitative study of patients referred for rehabilitation. J Occup Rehabil 2010; 20(4), 472-480.

Koes BW, van Tulder M, Lin CW, Macedo LG, McAuley J, & Maher C. An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J 2010; 19(12), 2075-2094.